Differences in Leg Dominance and Torque Production in Track and Field Division I Athletes

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Health and Human Performance

Date of Award

8-14-2024

Abstract

Analysis of differences in leg dominance and torque production in Track and Field athletes may allow athletes and coaches to develop a training plan based on results, where this is important because, during specific tests of flexibility, balance, and power, the Non-Dominant limb may show more flexibility (Samadi et al., 2009). Understanding which side of the body is more involved in movements helps to understand lateral dominance, characterized by the dominance of one side of the body over the other in performing voluntary movements, this predominance is established early in human development. (Carpes, Mota & Faria, 2010). Additionally, torque-the force applied over a distance that causes rotation around the fulcrum-offers an integrated assessment, as almost all movements generate torque at various levels, positively or negatively affecting the athlete's performance (Dougherty et al., 2018). METHODS: In 2023, Division I athletes from the Texas A&M University-Commerce Track and Field team, specifically those competing as throwers, jumpers, and sprinters, participated in a study conducted in May and September. To qualify for inclusion, athletes had to meet the following criteria: be at least 18 years old, free from injury, and enrolled as full-time students. A total of 38 athletes met these criteria and completed tests using the DARI® motion capture movement analysis system, also self-reporting their Dominant side RESULTS: Unilateral vertical jumping motion was analyzed to determine whether differences existed in hip, knee, and ankle torque between Dominant and Non-Dominant legs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a non-significant difference (p > 0.05) in joint pairs and unilateral vertical jumping performance between the two legs. However, a positive correlation was found between Dominant hip concentric torque and Dominant hip eccentric flexion, r (38) = 0.326, p = 0.023. CONCLUSION: The current study has focused on asymmetry and torque differences between the ankle, knee, and hip. No strong correlations were found to improve or influence athletic performance, e.g., no significant difference in hip, knee, and ankle torque between the Dominant and Non-Dominant leg, suggesting that torque does not vary with leg dominance. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes train both limbs to ensure the absence of imbalance during movement and performance. Keywords: Joint, Unilateral Vertical Jump, Torque, Lateral Dominance, Bilateral Asymmetry, Track and Field.

Advisor

Michael Oldham

Subject Categories

Kinesiology | Life Sciences

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